778 research outputs found
Wet and dry internal friction can be measured with the Jarzynski equality
The existence of two types of internal friction wet and dry is revisited, and
a simple protocol is proposed for distinguishing between the two types and
extracting the appropriate internal friction coefficient. The scheme requires
repeatedly stretching a polymer molecule, and measuring the average work
dissipated in the process by applying the Jarzynski equality. The internal
friction coefficient is then estimated from the average dissipated work in the
extrapolated limit of zero solvent viscosity. The validity of the protocol is
established through analytical calculations on a one-dimensional free-draining
Hookean spring-dashpot model for a polymer, and Brownian dynamics simulations
of: (a) a single-mode nonlinear spring-dashpot model for a polymer, and (b) a
finitely extensible bead-spring chain with cohesive intra-chain interactions,
both of which incorporate fluctuating hydrodynamic interactions.
Well-established single-molecule manipulation techniques, such as optical
tweezer-based pulling, can be used to implement the suggested protocol
experimentally.Comment: 27 pages, 17 figure
Analysis of radial segregation of granular mixtures in a rotating drum
This paper considers the segregation of a granular mixture in a rotating
drum. Extending a recent kinematic model for grain transport on sandpile
surfaces to the case of rotating drums, an analysis is presented for radial
segregation in the rolling regime, where a thin layer is avalanching down while
the rest of the material follows rigid body rotation. We argue that segregation
is driven not just by differences in the angle of repose of the species, as has
been assumed in earlier investigations, but also by differences in the size and
surface properties of the grains. The cases of grains differing only in size
(slightly or widely) and only in surface properties are considered, and the
predictions are in qualitative agreement with observations. The model yields
results inconsistent with the assumptions for more general cases, and we
speculate on how this may be corrected.Comment: 12 pages inclusive of 10 PostScript (*.eps) figures, uses svjour,
psfrag and graphicx. Submitted for publication to Euro. Phys. J.
Collapse dynamics of copolymers in a poor solvent: Influence of hydrodynamic interactions and chain sequence
We investigate the dynamics of the collapse of a single copolymer chain, when
the solvent quality is suddenly quenched from good to poor. We employ Brownian
dynamics simulations of a bead-spring chain model and incorporate fluctuating
hydrodynamic interactions via the Rotne-Prager-Yamakawa tensor. Various
copolymer architectures are studied within the framework of a two-letter HP
model, where monomers of type H (hydrophobic) attract each other, while all
interactions involving P (polar or hydrophilic) monomers are purely repulsive.
The hydrodynamic interactions are found to assist the collapse. Furthermore,
the chain sequence has a strong influence on the kinetics and on the
compactness and energy of the final state. The dynamics is typically
characterised by initial rapid cluster formation, followed by coalescence and
final rearrangement to form the compact globule. The coalescence stage takes
most of the collapse time, and its duration is particularly sensitive to the
details of the architecture. Long blocks of type P are identified as the main
bottlenecks to find the globular state rapidly.Comment: 25 pages, 13 figures, Submitted to Macromolecule
Optimisation of a Brownian dynamics algorithm for semidilute polymer solutions
Simulating the static and dynamic properties of semidilute polymer solutions
with Brownian dynamics (BD) requires the computation of a large system of
polymer chains coupled to one another through excluded-volume and hydrodynamic
interactions. In the presence of periodic boundary conditions, long-ranged
hydrodynamic interactions are frequently summed with the Ewald summation
technique. By performing detailed simulations that shed light on the influence
of several tuning parameters involved both in the Ewald summation method, and
in the efficient treatment of Brownian forces, we develop a BD algorithm in
which the computational cost scales as O(N^{1.8}), where N is the number of
monomers in the simulation box. We show that Beenakker's original
implementation of the Ewald sum, which is only valid for systems without bead
overlap, can be modified so that \theta-solutions can be simulated by switching
off excluded-volume interactions. A comparison of the predictions of the radius
of gyration, the end-to-end vector, and the self-diffusion coefficient by BD,
at a range of concentrations, with the hybrid Lattice Boltzmann/Molecular
Dynamics (LB/MD) method shows excellent agreement between the two methods. In
contrast to the situation for dilute solutions, the LB/MD method is shown to be
significantly more computationally efficient than the current implementation of
BD for simulating semidilute solutions. We argue however that further
optimisations should be possible.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, revised version to appear in Physical Review E
(2012
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